Theories of Risk Perception Management †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Talk about the Theories of Risk Perception Management. Answer: Presentation: Fischhoff, Slovic, Lichtenstein, (1988) offered knowledge into the various thoughts of understudies with respect to different occasions. If there should be an occurrence of circumstances, where individuals discover trouble in recognizing their qualities, at that point elicitation process shapes their qualities. The creator especially presents a showdown between those have a few qualities and those inspire values. The strategy for articulation of qualities relies upon circumstances. People groups genuine worth is likewise reliant on various issue, the way where individuals react to them and its effect on their judgment. The perusing likewise gave a sign with respect to the circumstances when individuals don't have the foggiest idea what they need. For instance, individuals may have clear inclination when they have legitimately encountered a circumstance. In such cases, individuals learn by experimentation strategies and reasonable reaction to future qualities is grown at that point. H enceforth, direct understanding of working in specific circumstances built up specific thoughts and qualities among individuals. In any case, individuals need to settle on numerous differing decisions in life where we don't held direct understanding thus opposing qualities exist. Furthermore, estimations of individuals likewise changes with time and dynamic gets troublesome at that point. The age of qualities and decisions of individuals has been seen as affected by test techniques. As far as mental hypothesis, it tends to be said that methodical impacts lead to the irregular or deliberate varieties in watched judgment. Furthermore, the creator likewise gave knowledge in regards to how approaches to distinguish ones want, investigate choices and results, measure esteems and controlling alternate points of view. On this premise, reasonably stable qualities and intrigue can be developed. An elicitor hoping to recognize a people natural qualities can get a great deal of direction from the procedure referenced above and they can without much of a stretch decipher the essential aura of respondents into a codable decisions so individuals are exceptionally clear about the ramifications of their judgment. Another way to deal with fortifying viewpoint is to make respondents understood about various purpose of perspectives and their advantages to investigate the balanced for ch oosing their own qualities. Connection with work understanding The above clarification of fortifying guiding principle through proper judgment is identified with my work understanding. For instance, in my first occupation, certain difficulties in work made me change my point of view towards profession objective. Despite the fact that I had an exceptionally solid profession aspiration, anyway challenges in my activity and no immediate experience about difficulties changed my judgment. I chose to leave the place of employment and attempt some different things. Nonetheless, one of my senior partners went about as a decent elicitor for me as he gave me that difficulties are a piece of the activity and once that stage is crossed, I would begin recognizing my ability and commitment to the activity. Consequently, he went about as the privilege elicitor for me to influence my qualities and judgment. He did this by correspondence with me in regards to the issues, the result of leaving the activity so early and the ramifications of staying and advantages of managing the difficulties. Thus, he developed my point of view towards taking a gander at my specific employment and difficulties. Wildavsky and Dake (1990) examined about various speculations of hazard observation and why individuals dread certain thing. The fundamental motivation behind the investigation was to assess to what degrees are individuals similarly stressed over hazard and for what reason is the impression of hazard diverse for various individuals. In light of this assessment, the attributes of individuals can be resolved, regardless of whether they are daring individuals or loath to chance. The impression of hazard was talked about based on information hypothesis, character hypothesis, monetary, political and social speculations. For example, the information hypothesis clarifies that individuals seeing something as hazardous in light of the fact that they know about the hazard. The financial hypothesis gave the sign that hazard taking or hazard avoidance is reliant on the economy on the grounds that the rich individuals are bound to step through hazard and examination something new which they don't have. Then again, the social hypothesis gives the clarification that individuals see certain activities as dangerous as this affect their social relations. The entire hazard avoidance and hazard taking disposition was clarified on the reason of viewing innovation as a hazard factor for individuals. Essentially, from the libertarian perspective, the contention was that populist individuals give all the more evaluating to hazard. All the adversary hypotheses were likewise tried by the hazard observation information document. For this situation, the hazard related with innovation was assessed with rundown of concerns individuals have about society. The reactions were clarified on the factor of information, character, social predispositions and political direction. Social predispositions was found as the best factor to foresee hazard recognition discoveries and the expectation is more impressive than information and character factor. Thus, the principle end from the conversation was th at culture of independence favors hazard taking and the populist culture consistently avoid chance taking. Be that as it may, the frail relationship between's way of life predispositions and character likewise uncovered the impact of culture on hazard recognition. This investigation pointed towards the correct methodology for hazard observation by dissecting about various clarifications about feelings of trepidation in individuals. Connection with individual experience: I concur with the Wildavsky and Dake (1990) see that individuals from independence culture favors hazard taking and those from populist culture are loath to chance. I can say this since I have a place with the independence gathering and I have selected to face many challenge in my profession so that get possible profit by it. Consequently, my hazard taking mentality was activated by my desire to pick up something consequently. I made the unsafe stride of leaving my settled activity and chipping away at my own undertaking of building up an application where I could give amazing openings for work to individuals in a single spot. I needed to make work looking for a lovely encounter for work searchers and I was persuaded to face this challenge due to the desire that on the off chance that I am ready to split this undertaking, I will acquire much more than previously. Furthermore, all controls will be under my hand and I won't be restricted to a 9 to 5 occupation to show my ability. Jungermann (1983) gave helpful discussion and contentions with respect to the two gatherings of individuals the sound and silly individuals. He characterized objectivity as a philosophical idea in which an activity is characterized as normal in the event that it is line with qualities and conviction of an individual. The brain science of judgment and choice is additionally comprehended from the regularizing models and genuine judgment. This model viewed infringement of sanity as the genuine inadequacy of the chief. In the discussion, Jungermann (1983) ordered the worry wart into the principal camp and the self assured person into the subsequent camp. The worry wart respect dynamic under sureness may prompt certain issues, though the self assured person believe that their judgment will be useful even in complex circumstances. In this way, the two camps have diverse methodology towards judiciousness and infringement of soundness was seen because of constrained judgment limit and dynami c capacity of individuals. The creator clarified these infringement of sanity in the two camps. For the doubter camp, infringement of sanity was seen because of critical predispositions, illustrative blames and adapting massacres. For instance critical inclination is seen when individuals predominantly depend on heuristics and this prompts conflicting choices. Furthermore, authentic issues is seen when individuals assess any choice on premise of additions and misfortunes as opposed to pondering the last state. Another factor prompting infringement of judiciousness in worrier camp incorporates poor way of dealing with stress or inspirations among individuals. Also, for the self assured person camp, meta choices vary based on commonality of the circumstance and information about the subject. The congruity contention for the subsequent camp was that judgment is a continous procedure and inclinations in dynamic is seen when individuals see it as discrete occasion and don't see it as utilitarian. The last exercise from the two sides of the discussion was that sanity ideas is utilize d with various implications in both gathering and individuals ought to be liberal in utilizing the discerning ideas. Connection with work understanding The above clarification of critical and hopeful gatherings dynamic and idea about levelheadedness is identified with my work understanding. I could relate with the data given for self assured person camp that they generally view their choice as helpful and utilitarian in explicit circumstances. For instance, there were sure ventures which were excessively unpredictable and my dynamic decided the achievement of the undertaking. Henceforth, I arranged my choice for the undertaking with an uplifting outlook. Consequently, I way to deal with manage troublesome conditions with a beneficial outlook. With such center, my soundness depended on effect of choices on efficiency. Along these lines, I searched for all variables accessible that would decide the accomplishment of the undertaking and I settled my choice based on advantages of use of the procedure. This may damage the soundness model as just accessible elements and not all elements for progress were assessed. Still it is entirely jud icious on the grounds that checking interminable asset accessible is unimaginable in limited time. Green (1994) gives a conversation about nonpartisan omnipartial rule-production (NORM) which is a hypothetical way to deal with moral decision giving a thought regarding fundamental rationale of good thinking process as far as decision. NORM has been talked about in moral composition of Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) and the principle thought was that ethical thinking can be an incredible wellspring of help when intrigue related clash happens. Henceforth, moral thinking is the premise on which individuals can endure certain behaviors or conduct. As indicated by th

Essay --

Francisco was the ill-conceived child of Gonzalo Pizarro Rodrã ­guez de Aguilar, an Extremaduran aristocrat who had battled with unique excellence in wars in Italy. There is some disarray with regards to Francisco's date of birth: it is recorded as ahead of schedule as 1471 or as late as 1478. As a youngster, he lived with his mom (a servant in the Pizarro family unit) and tended creatures in the fields. As a jerk, Pizarro could anticipate little in the method of legacy and chose to turn into a trooper. Almost certainly, he emulated his dad's example to the combat zones of Italy for a period before knowing about the wealth of the Americas. He previously went to the New World in 1502 as a feature of a colonization undertaking drove by Nicolã ¡s de Ovando. San Sebastiã ¡n de Uraba and the Dariã ©n In 1508, Pizarro joined the Alonso de Hojeda endeavor to the terrain. They battled the locals and made a settlement called San Sebastiã ¡n de Urabã ¡. Assailed by furious locals and low on provisions, Hojeda set out for Santo Domingo in mid 1510 for fortifications and supplies. When Hojeda didn't return following fifty days, Pizarro set out with the enduring pioneers to come back to Santo Domingo. En route, they joined a campaign to settle the Dariã ©n area: Pizarro filled in as second-in-order to Vasco Nuã ±ez de Balboa. First South American Expeditions In Panama, Pizarro set up an organization with individual conquistador Diego de Almagro. Updates on Hernã ¡n Cortã ©s' venturesome (and rewarding) victory of the Aztec Empire filled the passionate longing for gold among the entirety of the Spanish in the New World, including Pizarro and Almagro. They made two campaigns in 1524-1526 along the western shore of South America: cruel conditions and local assaults drove them back the multiple times. On the second excursion they vis... ... 1532, Atahualpa consented to meet with the Spanish: the Spanish misleadingly assaulted the Inca, catching him and killing a great many his officers and devotees. A King's Ransom Pizarro and Atahualpa before long made an arrangement: Atahualpa would go free on the off chance that he could pay a payoff. The Inca chose an enormous hovel in Cajamarca and offered to fill it half full with brilliant articles, and afterward occupy the room twice with silver items. The Spanish immediately concurred. Before long the fortunes of the Inca Empire started flooding into Cajamarca. The individuals were anxious, however none of Atahualpa's officers challenged assault the interlopers. Hearing bits of gossip that the Inca officers were arranging an assault, the Spanish executed Atahualpa on July 26, 1533. Understand more: Francisco Pizarro Biography (Explorer/Conquistador) | Infoplease.com http://www.infoplease.com/history/var/franciscopizarro.html#ixzz2nGtqOFex

Business Environment and Society in Tropics

Question: Talk about the Business Environment and Society in Tropics. Answer: Presentation: A lot of moral qualities just as ethics so as to characterize right and wring of an individual or a gathering is named as morals (McWilliams Williams, 2009, p. 55). The term morals is gotten from the Ancient Greek word ethos that shows custom. There are for the most part three key regions of study identified with morals: Meta-morals: This is for the most part worried about the theoretical significance and reference of good recommendation. Regulating morals: This is generally worried about the commonsense method to decide an ethical strategy. Applied morals: This is for the most part worried about what an individual is thankful to do in an exact condition or a specific space (Noddings, 2013). There are for the most part two moral practices that are seen by Cedele: The primary moral rule manages the way that each fixing is chosen cautiously so as to include healthful extravagance and remarkable flavor. At the end of the day, they never incorporate trans-fats or fake fixings. So as to support poor ranchers, they utilize natural reasonable exchange espresso beans from the US. This thusly additionally adds to the network (Inside, 2009). It tends to be therefore presumed that Cedele is arranged island-wide and gives items that incorporates no trans-fats. The significant objective is to guarantee prevalent food quality and all the food materials require to be normal so as to guarantee that the clients achieve quality items. Cedele for the most part serves Asian, Western and a combination of both culture items so as to take into account the taste buds of the household clients. Then again, so as to give help to the economy and poor ranchers reasonable exchange espresso beans from the US are additionally utilized. Nonetheless, it is accepted by Cedele that so as to prevail in the business part the truthfulness of administration, sanitation and inspiration of clients helps us. The capacity to proceed with a characterized conduct uncertainly is named as manageability. The idea identified with the triple primary concern depicts the total meaning of the term. Maintainability is additionally depicted as a socio-environmental system that is described by the location of a typical perfect. Then again, a perfect is characterized as out of reach circumstance in a given time or space. Essentially, supportable improvement is depicted as the association of people for manageability (Bebbington, Unerman O'Dwyer, 2014). The triple primary concern contains 1. Natural (green and ecological agreeable) 2. Monetary (budgetary and advancement) and 3. Social (human rights and opportunity) supportability. (thwink.org, n.d.) The fixings that are given by Cedele are for the most part custom made and normal. As it were, all the items that are given are natural, new, and regular just as readied new. The laborers are for the most part energized with the assistance of the organization moto that says Waste Not. This is for the most part used to urge the laborers to stay green and to reuse squanders (Huang, 2009). The pastry kitchen was begun in the year 1997, and from that point forward it began to develop and grow. Other than being found island-wide, the stores have additionally infiltrated the market in Hong-Kong and there are likewise a few up and coming ventures to enhance and extend. The examples of the delicates are likewise given to the clients so as to make them attempt. Subsequently, deals target are accomplished with the assistance of the promoting thoughts (Huang, 2009). We likewise offer vocation redesigning with the assistance of instructing, preparing and self-awareness courses alongside our strong workplace. With the assistance of the preparation and self-awareness courses, the laborers can keep up discipline from the second they begin working. In addition, being enthusiastic about their work and interfacing with individuals, the laborers additionally love to work in groups. General Environment for the most part alludes to repetitively utilized techniques that incorporate six fragments. Political: The political portion for the most part covers administrative developments, for example, tax assessment, exchanging strategy and general government consistency. Monetary: The financial section incorporates macroeconomic issues, for example, swelling, intrigue and paces of joblessness. It likewise incorporates the general soundness of the economy. Social: The social fragment generally manages populace socioeconomics that include viewing social and sociological changes over the present moment and long haul (Beasley, Jason Miller, 2012). Mechanical: The innovative changes in the market are for the most part remembered for the innovative portion. The mechanical changes in the market for the most part incorporates pace of improvement of new merchandise just as headway in automation or administration industry conveyance speeds. Ecological: Under the natural section, the investigation is coordinated towards change in climate models just as whatever other cataclysmic events that happens. Lawful: The 6th and the last portion is the legitimate fragment that for the most part manages new laws and guideline influencing a business (Suresh, Matthews Coyne 2013). The method to inspect how every portion can affect the organization is named as PESTAL investigation (mba-addresses, 2012). Each point is clarified in the accompanying manner: Our organization has different sorts of rules just as groups to screen and control everything so as to keep up exclusive expectations and to satisfy legitimate prerequisites. The new quality, neatness and cleanliness necessities are all around met with the assistance of our Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points Team. The GDP development pace of Singapore in the ongoing years had arrived at the midpoint of to 6.92 percent from the year 1975 to 2016. The GDP achieved a record-breaking high pace of 37.20 percent in the year 2010. Notwithstanding, not long before two years, that is on 20078 the GDP recorded a low of - 13.50 percent (Trading Economics, n.d.). We are continually seeking after for circumstances and inventive thoughts with steady change in patterns. The same number of people are taking a stab at solid ways of life, we are attempting to think of sound and fun thoughts. We essentially plan to give natural items to develop more later on. With the progression in innovation everywhere throughout the world, the assembling and creation of the items are expanding. Then again, the dissemination of the items is turning out to be all the more quicker and increasingly skilled. The clients are likewise empowered as they can arrange online with the assistance of the forthcoming new Smartphone applications. References Beasley, C. R., Jason, L. A., Miller, S. A. (2012). The general condition fit scale: A factor examination and trial of merged build validity.American diary of network psychology,50(1-2), 64-76. Bebbington, J., Unerman, J., O'Dwyer, B. (2014).Sustainability bookkeeping and responsibility. Routledge. Outside Environment (Mega or General Environment). ( 2010, 30 June). In MBA-Lectures.Retrieved from https://mba-lectures.com/the executives/standards of-the board/631/outside condition super or-general-environment.html Huang, T.S. (2009, 28 May). Cedele by Bakery Depot. Nicolas Tangs Blog.Retrieved from https://nicolastang.com/2012/08/28/cedele-by-pastry kitchen terminal/ Inside. (2009, November). Recovered from https://inside.capitaland.com/advocate/change-producers/292-evolving the-world-with-moral shopping McWilliams, A., Williams, C. (2009). MGMT (second ed.). South Melbourne, Vic: Cengage Learning Australia. Noddings, N. (2013).Caring: A social way to deal with morals and good training. Univ of California Press. Singapore GDP Growth Rate, (n.d.). In Trading Economics.Retrieved from https://www.tradingeconomics.com/singapore/gross domestic product development SPRING Singapore. (n.d.). Recovered from https://www.spring.gov.sg/Developing-Industries/FBS/Pages/food-refreshment services.aspx Suresh, P., Matthews, A., Coyne, I. (2013). Stress and stressors in the clinical condition: a similar investigation of fourth?year understudy medical caretakers and recently qualified general attendants in Ireland.Journal of clinical nursing,22(5-6), 770-779. Supportability. (n.d.). In thwink.org.Retrieved from https://www.thwink.org/support/glossary/Sustainability.htm

Anyone Can Cook! Professor Ramos Blog

Anybody Can Cook! At the point when I was more youthful, I totally cherished awakening to the smell of waffles originating from the kitchen. My mother would consistently make me waffles for breakfast before school. She would include an excellent blend of improved organic product on top alongside margarine and syrup, and it immediately turned into my preferred breakfast supper ever. In addition to the fact that she would make astounding breakfast dishes each morning, she would likewise make and pack me mind blowing snacks that I would completely appreciate each day. From french plunge sandwiches to custom made doughnuts, my mother had the option to make anything I would request. My companions would consistently gaze at my snacks in desire due to how great my food looked regular. Unloading my lunch bucket constantly energized me in light of the fact that ordinary my mother would pack me something other than what's expected. As I got more seasoned, I began to watch my mother make the scrumptious food she would get ready for me. I was constantly stunned and intrigued by how her food came out smelling, tasting, and looking so mind boggling. My mother at that point began showing me how to cook and permitted me to help her in any capacity conceivable. I would hand her fixings, cut things up, blended whatever she required, and so on. Extra time, helping my mom in the kitchen got typical for me to do. In addition to the fact that I learned how to cook by watching her, yet we grew a more grounded association. Indeed, even till this day, I despite everything go into the kitchen to watch and help my mother cook. I figured it would be cool in the event that I had the option to cook without anyone else without assistance from my mother so I could prepare suppers for my loved ones. Figuring out how to cook by viewing my mother cook turned out to be so interesting to me. Viewing a supper be set up into something so delightful and having the option to eat it toward the end was so fulfilling. There is even energy in not knowing how the dish will turn out. At the point when my mother would attempt new colorful plans some of the time they didn’t consistently turn out the best. In any case, I constantly appreciated my mother for facing challenges when cooking and not being hesitant to fail. Following quite a while of viewing my mother cook and helping her all the while, I had this desire to attempt to cook without anyone else without her assistance. At the point when I was around 10 years of age, I began to try out my cooking aptitudes and took care of my manifestations to my loved ones. For my absolute first dish, I endeavored to plan macaroni cheddar. I strikingly recall strolling into the kitchen and wanting macaroni and cheddar. I glanced in each organizer and within our wash room for microwavable macintosh cheddar, yet I wasn’t ready to discover anything. I never truly delighted in the microwavable rendition and I enjoyed my mom’s form way better. I chose to go to my mom’s room and said to her, â€Å"Mom I’m starving and I truly need macintosh cheddar would you be able to please make me some?† My mother took a gander at me in to some degree disturbance and stated, â€Å"I’m quite bustling right now you should attempt to make some by yourself.† I got up and left the room and returned to the wash room to discover stuff to make macintosh cheddar with. Without recognizing what pr ecisely what I was searching for, I returned to my mother and inquired as to whether she could get the fixings out for me. She concurred and we both strolled back to the kitchen, and I watched her take out the fixings to make the macintosh cheddar. I’ve made macaroni cheddar in the past with my mother so I generally recognized what I needed to do. Following thirty minutes of difficult work I at long last wrapped up the macaroni cheddar. I was anxious about the possibility that that it wouldn’t taste in the same class as my mom’s, yet when I took the principal chomp I was reclaimed by how great it tasted. I was eager to the point that I had the option to cook something that tasted heavenly. I approached my mother with a bowl of my newly made macintosh cheddar and advised her to attempt a few. After my mother took the main chomp she grinned and said to me, â€Å"Wow this preferences astounding Alex! I’m so pleased with you this preferences truly good.† at that point I was elated that my mother was glad for me for having the option to cook macintosh cheddar without anyone else. I rushed to my sister and advised her to attempt it and she likewise saw me in stun and revealed to me it was astounding. I was loaded up with euphoria that I had the option to prepare a feast without anyone else and had the option to impart it to my family. Despite the fact that my macintosh cheddar most likely didn’t even taste that extraordinary, these uplifting statements moved me to cook more later on. Since the time that day, I attempted to prepare dinners without anyone else. From the outset it began with straightforward dishes, yet then as I developed more established I started to make increasingly perplexing dishes. I began making suppers for my family consistently and at whatever point I have extra time I would simply work on making dishes in the kitchen. I believe that being able to prepare and plan suppers out of everything without exception is an incredible and helpful aptitude to sharpen. Cooking for others presents to me an alternate sort of bliss since I can perceive how my food can light up someone’s day and assist them with feeling better regardless of whether it’s just by a bit. The improvement of my cooking aptitudes, from the outset, was exceptionally troublesome simply like all abilities that must be educated. For this situation practice truly makes great, seeing the recognizable improvement in the manner in which I cook is fulfilling. I love the way I can see myself improving each time I cook contrasted with how I was the point at which I began. A ton of slip-ups were made headed to showing signs of improvement, yet like most gifts it was all justified, despite all the trouble. At long last, perceiving how far I have come and the amount I have achieved is the most compensating feeling. Cooking has consistently been a piece of my life and the time I have spent doing it has caused me to value it much more than previously. I’m continually going to thank my mom for demonstrating me the methods of working around the kitchen and how to cook for myself as well as other people. My mother roused me to cook and I am thankful to such an extent that she has been so steady of me. Cooking permitted my mother and I to build up a solid bond and I am so appreciative for all that she has instructed me. This ability I have created permits me to fulfill others with the dishes I make. I totally love having the option to cook and I am everlastingly keen to the individuals who have urged me to continue cooking.

The Theme of Justice in To Kill a Mockingbird

The Theme of Justice in To Kill a Mockingbird An Analysis of Justice in To Kill a Mockingbird An Analysis of Justice in To Kill a Mockingbird Academic Discipline: English Course Name: Modern English Literature Assignment Subject: The Theme of Justice in To Kill a Mockingbird Academic Level: Undergraduate Referencing Style: MLA Word Count: 2,014 “Remember, it’s a Sin to Kill a Mockingbird”: An Analysis of Justice in To Kill a Mockingbird In 1960s America, racial tensions and divisions dictated the norms of society. It is this society in which Scout, Jem, and their father Atticus live in To Kill a Mockingbird. The story centers around Atticus and his children, as they cope with the backlash from Atticus’ legal defense of a black man accused of raping a white woman. The concept of justice, racism, and equality in this novel have been one of the most timeless representations of the theme in classic literature within the last century. Lee’s symbolism of the mockingbird as the representation of innocence has been utilized repeatedly in popular culture and literature to this day. This image of the mockingbird represents the end of innocence, as to kill a mockingbird would mean destroying innocence and, subsequently, justice. In this story, some of the characters could each arguably be the mockingbird, such as Tom or Boo Radley, and their positions in society showcase just how harsh the reality was for those who were no t considered part of the accepted norm. In Harper Lee’s classic novel To Kill a Mockingbird, the theme of justice is shown in three major parts of the storyline: the discrimination against Boo Radley, the treatment of Atticus’ family while he defends Tom, and the nature of Tom’s trial. Boo Radley is a character that represents the injustice that many people suffer simply because they are misunderstood by society. In a world where people are quick to judge one another based on superficial circumstances, people are quick to discriminate against people who are different than the norm. To Kill a Mockingbird showcases this as the society in the novel makes Boo out to be a monster who hides in his house because he is too scared to show his hideous face. Throughout the story, Boo fascinates Scout and Jem, as they have heard rumours about him and how terrifying he is. In reality, Boo Radley is simply misunderstood and the town has made up judgements about him because he is a recluse who stays in his house, afraid of the outside world. Boo Radley has a mental disorder and has been confined to his home for decades (Orsborn 1139). At this time, the majority of American society did not understand what mental illness was, or how to deal with it. Thus, many people who suffered had to do so in silence and were not taken seriously, repressing their true issues and creating cause for prejudice and discrimination. Boo is suffering from these ideals because his parents have decided that the best way to deal with his mental illness is to lock him up in their home for his entire life, which inspires the idea that he is a terrifying, ghost-like monster that haunts the neighbourhood. However, this backfires because Boo simply becomes a recluse who does not function like a regular adult, and instead he watches the children to experience life through them. Boo connects with Jem and Scout to the point where a relationship and understanding is formed, and by the end of the novel Scout begins to realize that Boo feels protective over the children, perhaps thinking of them as his own children. He leaves little presents for the children and secretly gives Scout a blanket when they are outside in the cold one night. Ultimately, the children come to trust him and treat him like a regular person, and in turn he helps to protect them from harm, thus showing the true reality that he is a good person and has simply been the victim of unjust attitudes. Boo Radley is the one who saves Jem and Scout when they are attacked by Bob Ewell. Scout states, “he gave us two soap dolls, a broken watch and chain, a pair of good-luck pennies, and our lives” (Lee 373). She is expressing the fact that Boo has given them these gifts, including the gift of saving their lives, and that he is not evil after all. The night after the attack happens, when Atticus is putting Scout to bed and she is sleepily recounting the story he has told her, she comments on the main character turning out to be nice and simply misunderstood. Atticus responds, “Most people are, Scout, when you finally see them” (Lee 376). In this last piece of dialogue, Atticus’ words sum up the way that Boo Radley has been wrongly perceived, the victim of a discriminatory injustice. Atticus receives a significant amount of harsh treatment by the white members of the public because he is defending a black man during a time of racial segregation, and they do not agree with him despite the fact that he is a court-appointed lawyer. People in the town continue to judge Atticus because of his position, and they lose their respect for him because they do not believe that a black man should be considered innocent at all. In addition, Scout and Jem become outcasts due to their relation to him, as they begin to notice that the townspeople are treating them differently. However, they are children who love their father, and they do not understand what is going on to a full extent. During one part of the trial, Scout is attempting to figure out this situation as she learns that he has not chosen to defend Tom, but that it is his job. She states, “the court appointed Atticus to defend him. Atticus aimed to defend him. That’s what they didn’t like about it. It was confu sing” (Lee 218). Her innocent mind is attempting to figure out why the people are angry with Atticus, and she does not fully comprehend the racist attitudes that are responsible for this treatment. She is attempting to comprehend racism, but since she does not see the world in that way, she is having a hard time figuring it all out. After the trial is over, Jem and Scout are outside their home when Miss Rachel tells them “there’s danger a’comin’” (Lee 290). Scout soon finds out what the danger is: “this morning Mr. Bob Ewell stopped Atticus on the post office corner, spat in his face, and told him he’d get him if it took the rest of his life” (Lee 290). It is in this moment that Scout and Jem truly realize how hateful people are, and how there are real threats to their lives because of Atticus’ determination to prove Tom’s innocence. Bob calls Atticus a “nigger-lovin’ bastard” (Lee 291) and hates him because he was defending a black man against him. Despi te the fact that Bob is actually the one who beat his own daughter, he refuses to let go of the fact that Atticus defended Tom; losing the trial would have meant that Bob lost to a black man, which would mean he is a disgrace from society. Bob is defensive because he feels that Atticus’ defense against him has threatened his family’s position in society (Osborn 1140), despite the fact that this family is in a low position to begin with. At the end of the novel, after the trial has ended, Bob attacks Scout and Jem because they are Atticus’ children. Bob is the representation of pure evil- the fact that he is described as a “hulking figure” showcases Lee’s association of him as a lesser-than-human character (Murray 79). By describing him in this way, she de-humanizes him and makes him appear monstrous (Murray 79), displaying the idea that he has been evil the whole time, and that evil has supposedly triumphed over good thus far. His intention is to kill them with a butcher knife, but Boo Radley saves them. Despite the fact that the children have done nothing wrong, they are associated with their father, and the negative treatment Atticus has been receiving now spills out onto his innocent children. Tom’s trial is extremely significant in representing the theme of justice because the entire storyline surrounding Tom is based on the injustice he is suffering due to racism against him, as well as his quest to seek justice in court and prove his innocence. However, because he is a black man and the situation happened with a white family, the entire white population of the town assumes that he is evil and has committed the crime. This is due to the negative views of African Americans that the people had during the 1960s, and the racial divisions that occurred. When Scout and Jem find out that Tom is likely going to receive a death sentence, despite not killing anyone, they are outraged. Atticus tells them, “Tom Robinson’s a colored man, Jem. No jury in this part of the world’s going to say, ‘we think you’re guilty, but not very’ on a charge like that. It was either a straight acquittal or nothing” (Lee 294). At this point in the story, the children are learning that racial divisions have left Tom without a chance of proving his innocence because of the prejudice in the minds of the townspeople. Simply put, black men were never given the benefit of the doubt and were always considered guilty, despite evidence to prove otherwise. He continues to explain, “in our courts, when it’s a white man’s word against a black man’s, the white man always wins” (Lee 295). This can be taken as a social commentary on the injustice of the time, especially given the fact that Atticus is acknowledging it is wrong, yet he cannot do anything about it. It is arguable that Atticus himself is a symbol of justice because he defends Tom, despite the repercussions that occur, because he knows that Tom is innocent. Atticus is a person who truly believes in justice, no matter the consequences, and he tells Jem: “As you grow older, you’ll see white men cheat black men every day of your life, but let me tell you something and don’t you forget it- whenever a white man does that to a black man, no matter who he is, how rich he is, or how fine a family he comes from, that white man is trash” (Lee 295) Despite everything, Atticus believes that racism is to blame for the injustice in the world, and he is raising his children to understand this so they can continue to be good people. Tom ends up being convicted, despite the fact that “the story told by the prosecution is absurd, and Atticus rips it to shreds” (Osborn 1141). This is because racial bias has won; the jury is comprised of all white men, who side with their fellow white man instead of the innocent black man. In fact, many of the white men who sit on Tom’s trial had previously been involved in a racist lynch mob (Murray 79), and therefore the odds had been stacked against him the entire time. The theme of justice is shown in To Kill a Mockingbird through Boo Radley, threats to Atticus’ family caused by racism, and Tom’s quest for justice through his trial. Racism and discrimination are the causes of injustice in the novel, and the negative attitudes of the people in the town are representative of the people who lived during this time in the United States. Lee’s utilization of the mockingbird as a symbol of innocence proves the point that, if one continues to silence the voices of those who are truly good or innocent, the concept of innocence will die and evil will win. Through her representation of various storylines as the ultimate idealization of justice, Harper Lee demonstrates that, in a time of racism and divide, black Americans were the victims of severe injustice and bias. The fact that Tom was wrongly accused, but convicted simply because the jury was made of all white males who had already been known to be part of a lynch mob, demonstrates the stacked odds of the time. By bringing these issues to light, Lee plays a significant role in shaping the history of racism in America and the origins of the ideas of the Civil Rights Movement that would soon take place. Works Cited: Lee, Harper. To Kill a Mockingbird. 1960. New York: Grand Central Publishing, 2010. Murray, Jennifer. “More Than One Way to (Mis)Read a Mockingbird.” The Southern Literary Journal 43.1 (2010): 75-91. Osborn, Jr., John Jay. “Atticus Finch- The End of Honor: A Discussion of To Kill a Mockingbird.” The University of San Francisco Law Review 30 (1996): 1139-1142. The Theme of Justice in To Kill a Mockingbird An Analysis of Justice in To Kill a Mockingbird An Analysis of Justice in To Kill a Mockingbird Academic Discipline: English Course Name: Modern English Literature Assignment Subject: The Theme of Justice in To Kill a Mockingbird Academic Level: Undergraduate Referencing Style: MLA Word Count: 2,014 “Remember, it’s a Sin to Kill a Mockingbird”: An Analysis of Justice in To Kill a Mockingbird In 1960s America, racial tensions and divisions dictated the norms of society. It is this society in which Scout, Jem, and their father Atticus live in To Kill a Mockingbird. The story centers around Atticus and his children, as they cope with the backlash from Atticus’ legal defense of a black man accused of raping a white woman. The concept of justice, racism, and equality in this novel have been one of the most timeless representations of the theme in classic literature within the last century. Lee’s symbolism of the mockingbird as the representation of innocence has been utilized repeatedly in popular culture and literature to this day. This image of the mockingbird represents the end of innocence, as to kill a mockingbird would mean destroying innocence and, subsequently, justice. In this story, some of the characters could each arguably be the mockingbird, such as Tom or Boo Radley, and their positions in society showcase just how harsh the reality was for those who were no t considered part of the accepted norm. In Harper Lee’s classic novel To Kill a Mockingbird, the theme of justice is shown in three major parts of the storyline: the discrimination against Boo Radley, the treatment of Atticus’ family while he defends Tom, and the nature of Tom’s trial. Boo Radley is a character that represents the injustice that many people suffer simply because they are misunderstood by society. In a world where people are quick to judge one another based on superficial circumstances, people are quick to discriminate against people who are different than the norm. To Kill a Mockingbird showcases this as the society in the novel makes Boo out to be a monster who hides in his house because he is too scared to show his hideous face. Throughout the story, Boo fascinates Scout and Jem, as they have heard rumours about him and how terrifying he is. In reality, Boo Radley is simply misunderstood and the town has made up judgements about him because he is a recluse who stays in his house, afraid of the outside world. Boo Radley has a mental disorder and has been confined to his home for decades (Orsborn 1139). At this time, the majority of American society did not understand what mental illness was, or how to deal with it. Thus, many people who suffered had to do so in silence and were not taken seriously, repressing their true issues and creating cause for prejudice and discrimination. Boo is suffering from these ideals because his parents have decided that the best way to deal with his mental illness is to lock him up in their home for his entire life, which inspires the idea that he is a terrifying, ghost-like monster that haunts the neighbourhood. However, this backfires because Boo simply becomes a recluse who does not function like a regular adult, and instead he watches the children to experience life through them. Boo connects with Jem and Scout to the point where a relationship and understanding is formed, and by the end of the novel Scout begins to realize that Boo feels protective over the children, perhaps thinking of them as his own children. He leaves little presents for the children and secretly gives Scout a blanket when they are outside in the cold one night. Ultimately, the children come to trust him and treat him like a regular person, and in turn he helps to protect them from harm, thus showing the true reality that he is a good person and has simply been the victim of unjust attitudes. Boo Radley is the one who saves Jem and Scout when they are attacked by Bob Ewell. Scout states, “he gave us two soap dolls, a broken watch and chain, a pair of good-luck pennies, and our lives” (Lee 373). She is expressing the fact that Boo has given them these gifts, including the gift of saving their lives, and that he is not evil after all. The night after the attack happens, when Atticus is putting Scout to bed and she is sleepily recounting the story he has told her, she comments on the main character turning out to be nice and simply misunderstood. Atticus responds, “Most people are, Scout, when you finally see them” (Lee 376). In this last piece of dialogue, Atticus’ words sum up the way that Boo Radley has been wrongly perceived, the victim of a discriminatory injustice. Atticus receives a significant amount of harsh treatment by the white members of the public because he is defending a black man during a time of racial segregation, and they do not agree with him despite the fact that he is a court-appointed lawyer. People in the town continue to judge Atticus because of his position, and they lose their respect for him because they do not believe that a black man should be considered innocent at all. In addition, Scout and Jem become outcasts due to their relation to him, as they begin to notice that the townspeople are treating them differently. However, they are children who love their father, and they do not understand what is going on to a full extent. During one part of the trial, Scout is attempting to figure out this situation as she learns that he has not chosen to defend Tom, but that it is his job. She states, “the court appointed Atticus to defend him. Atticus aimed to defend him. That’s what they didn’t like about it. It was confu sing” (Lee 218). Her innocent mind is attempting to figure out why the people are angry with Atticus, and she does not fully comprehend the racist attitudes that are responsible for this treatment. She is attempting to comprehend racism, but since she does not see the world in that way, she is having a hard time figuring it all out. After the trial is over, Jem and Scout are outside their home when Miss Rachel tells them “there’s danger a’comin’” (Lee 290). Scout soon finds out what the danger is: “this morning Mr. Bob Ewell stopped Atticus on the post office corner, spat in his face, and told him he’d get him if it took the rest of his life” (Lee 290). It is in this moment that Scout and Jem truly realize how hateful people are, and how there are real threats to their lives because of Atticus’ determination to prove Tom’s innocence. Bob calls Atticus a “nigger-lovin’ bastard” (Lee 291) and hates him because he was defending a black man against him. Despi te the fact that Bob is actually the one who beat his own daughter, he refuses to let go of the fact that Atticus defended Tom; losing the trial would have meant that Bob lost to a black man, which would mean he is a disgrace from society. Bob is defensive because he feels that Atticus’ defense against him has threatened his family’s position in society (Osborn 1140), despite the fact that this family is in a low position to begin with. At the end of the novel, after the trial has ended, Bob attacks Scout and Jem because they are Atticus’ children. Bob is the representation of pure evil- the fact that he is described as a “hulking figure” showcases Lee’s association of him as a lesser-than-human character (Murray 79). By describing him in this way, she de-humanizes him and makes him appear monstrous (Murray 79), displaying the idea that he has been evil the whole time, and that evil has supposedly triumphed over good thus far. His intention is to kill them with a butcher knife, but Boo Radley saves them. Despite the fact that the children have done nothing wrong, they are associated with their father, and the negative treatment Atticus has been receiving now spills out onto his innocent children. Tom’s trial is extremely significant in representing the theme of justice because the entire storyline surrounding Tom is based on the injustice he is suffering due to racism against him, as well as his quest to seek justice in court and prove his innocence. However, because he is a black man and the situation happened with a white family, the entire white population of the town assumes that he is evil and has committed the crime. This is due to the negative views of African Americans that the people had during the 1960s, and the racial divisions that occurred. When Scout and Jem find out that Tom is likely going to receive a death sentence, despite not killing anyone, they are outraged. Atticus tells them, “Tom Robinson’s a colored man, Jem. No jury in this part of the world’s going to say, ‘we think you’re guilty, but not very’ on a charge like that. It was either a straight acquittal or nothing” (Lee 294). At this point in the story, the children are learning that racial divisions have left Tom without a chance of proving his innocence because of the prejudice in the minds of the townspeople. Simply put, black men were never given the benefit of the doubt and were always considered guilty, despite evidence to prove otherwise. He continues to explain, “in our courts, when it’s a white man’s word against a black man’s, the white man always wins” (Lee 295). This can be taken as a social commentary on the injustice of the time, especially given the fact that Atticus is acknowledging it is wrong, yet he cannot do anything about it. It is arguable that Atticus himself is a symbol of justice because he defends Tom, despite the repercussions that occur, because he knows that Tom is innocent. Atticus is a person who truly believes in justice, no matter the consequences, and he tells Jem: “As you grow older, you’ll see white men cheat black men every day of your life, but let me tell you something and don’t you forget it- whenever a white man does that to a black man, no matter who he is, how rich he is, or how fine a family he comes from, that white man is trash” (Lee 295) Despite everything, Atticus believes that racism is to blame for the injustice in the world, and he is raising his children to understand this so they can continue to be good people. Tom ends up being convicted, despite the fact that “the story told by the prosecution is absurd, and Atticus rips it to shreds” (Osborn 1141). This is because racial bias has won; the jury is comprised of all white men, who side with their fellow white man instead of the innocent black man. In fact, many of the white men who sit on Tom’s trial had previously been involved in a racist lynch mob (Murray 79), and therefore the odds had been stacked against him the entire time. The theme of justice is shown in To Kill a Mockingbird through Boo Radley, threats to Atticus’ family caused by racism, and Tom’s quest for justice through his trial. Racism and discrimination are the causes of injustice in the novel, and the negative attitudes of the people in the town are representative of the people who lived during this time in the United States. Lee’s utilization of the mockingbird as a symbol of innocence proves the point that, if one continues to silence the voices of those who are truly good or innocent, the concept of innocence will die and evil will win. Through her representation of various storylines as the ultimate idealization of justice, Harper Lee demonstrates that, in a time of racism and divide, black Americans were the victims of severe injustice and bias. The fact that Tom was wrongly accused, but convicted simply because the jury was made of all white males who had already been known to be part of a lynch mob, demonstrates the stacked odds of the time. By bringing these issues to light, Lee plays a significant role in shaping the history of racism in America and the origins of the ideas of the Civil Rights Movement that would soon take place. Works Cited: Lee, Harper. To Kill a Mockingbird. 1960. New York: Grand Central Publishing, 2010. Murray, Jennifer. “More Than One Way to (Mis)Read a Mockingbird.” The Southern Literary Journal 43.1 (2010): 75-91. Osborn, Jr., John Jay. “Atticus Finch- The End of Honor: A Discussion of To Kill a Mockingbird.” The University of San Francisco Law Review 30 (1996): 1139-1142.

Bad Romance Parallels Between The Goat and Buried Child - Literature Essay Samples

Edward Albee’s The Goat and Sam Shephard’s Buried Child are both twentieth-century Pulitzer prize winners, two compositions which reveal challenges to conventional norms of family, love, and relationships. Both of these plays display numerous similarities regarding family. Both present a desirable and ideal nuclear family on the exterior; however hide a dark underlying secret and abnormalities that serve to destroy the family. The female antagonists, Shelly in Buried Child, and Stevie in The Goat are stable figures; however their discovery of the horrifying family secrets resulted in them becoming unstable, and subsequently losing their sense of realism and having mental breakdowns. These breakdowns are emblematic of the women reaching their wits end, rendering them unable to cope with what they once thought was invulnerable. The Goat focuses on Martin, the loving husband and father, Stevie, the loving wife and mother, and their fifteen-year-old son, Billy. The play revolves around the time when Martin and Stevie have been married twenty years, it is Martin’s fiftieth birthday, and Martin has just been announced the youngest person ever to win the Pritzker Prize — architecture’s version of the Nobel Prize. All aspects of their family are in harmony and unity; traits that many families would aspire for. Martin praises his marriage with Stevie to his best friend Ross, exclaiming, â€Å"I’m in love with Stevie, she owns every part of me† (1578) right before we learn of Martins’ affair. He tells Ross that and he has been engaging in sexual intercourse with a goat, a goat that he reveals he is in love with. The unveiling of Martin’s affair was a pivotal moment, leading to the digression of their families unity and subsequently causing Stevie’s breakdown a nd vengeful murder. In Buried Child, before we are introduced to the absurdities of the family, the play focuses on Vincent and Shelly — a young couple on a road trip to surprise visit Vincent’s family whom he has not seen for six years. Vincent describes his childhood to Shelly, illustrating the ideal family. When Shelly first sees the exterior of the house, she, with a hint of mockery, says, â€Å"This is it? I don’t believe this is it!†¦ It’s like a Norman Rockwell cover or something†¦ Where’s the milkman and the little dog? What’s the dog’s name? Spot. Spot and Jane. Dick and Jane and Spot†¦ Dick and Jane and Spot and Mom and Dad and Junior and Sissy!† (1116). Shelly believes she is entering a traditional, all-American home; however, she realizes upon meeting her husbands deranged family that none of them knows who Vincent is. Unlike The Goat, there is not a single pivotal event that surrounds the plot in Buried Child. The reader is introduced to numerous absurdities and instances from each member of the family throughout the play that lead to Shelly’s ultimate breakdown. In both Buried Child and The Goat, the children intensify the abnormalities of their family as a whole. In The Goat, Stevie and Martin’s son Billy is a homosexual teen, which does not pose as problematic until further in the novel when Martin and Billy share an erotic and sexual kiss. Billy’s homosexuality is put in comparison with Martin’s affair with a goat. Although, it is clear that bestiality surpasses homosexuality in all instances. Martin calls Billy a â€Å"fucking faggot† (1581) after uncovering the truth about his father, in an attempt to compare the perplexing nature of his father’s affair to his own misgivings about his sexuality. Joy Huang, author of â€Å"Who is Sylvia or Who Are We?†¦Ã¢â‚¬  addresses Martin’s name-calling, suggesting that prior to this outburst, Martin was accepting of his sons homosexuality to sustain the image of the perfect, loving family. However, once Martin’s affair is exposed, he uses Billy ’s homosexuality in comparison to his bestiality, showing that he was not truly accepting of his son’s queerness, and only pretended to be in order to uphold his families image (Huang). Incest is not the dominating issue in The Goat; however, it is the major cause of disturbance in Buried Child when we uncover the truth about Hailie and Tilden’s incestuous relationship between mother and son. Having a child out of incest leads Dodge to drown and bury the incestuous baby, a secret Dodge harbours for many years. Bradley, the other son of Hailie and Dodge, is an amputee. He cut off his own leg with a chainsaw, confirming his mental instabilities. The children reinforce the abnormalities within the family by challenging the conventional ideals of the nuclear family. Billy, Bradley, and Tilden’s mental and physical instabilities and abnormalities serve as issues that would affect any family; however, are only minor in comparison to the larger issues of bestiality, incest, and infanticide (Opipari). Tolerance, and the limits to which a person can be pushed before reaching their breaking point, is an important factor in Shelly and Stevie’s downfall. Stevie’s emotions change over the course of the play from laughter, disbelief, humiliation, despair, and rage, all leading up to her violent murder. Stevie shows extreme tolerance when she learns of her husbands affair with a goat. She demands an open discussion about the affair, asking Martin all of the gruesome details and mechanics behind his sexual relation. Stevie patiently listens to her husband discuss his love for a farm animal before she acts upon her disgust. Stevie leaves without telling Martin where she is going, revealing she is on the verge of a breakdown. In the next scene when Ross comes to the house and asks where Stevie is, the reader is reminded that Stevie is still gone, foreshadowing the event of her return. Shelly does not exhibit as much tolerance as Stevie, exemplified when she immediately talks b ack to Dodge and repeatedly expresses her disinterest with Vincent’s family and her will to leave. She exclaims, â€Å"I thought this was going to be turkey dinners and apple pie and all that kinda stuff,† (1112) openly conveying her disappointment with Vincent’s family. Shelly tolerates being verbally tormented by Dodge, but Bradley and Tilden push her to her breaking point. Bradley symbolically rapes Shelly by shoving his fingers in her mouth to assert his dominance and Tilden molests Shelly by feeling up her fur coat. Only after these physical attacks does Shelly begin to show signs of her upcoming breakdown, by conforming to the family’s peculiarity as she further reaches her limit of tolerance (Mustazza, 40). Benjamin Opipari, author of â€Å"Shame: silencing the secret in Sam Shephard’s ‘Buried Child’† introduces the True to Family Systems Theory (TFS), a theory which does not focus on the traumatic event, rather on the family’s reactions and ability to cope with the stress of the event. This theory argues that if a family engages in an open discussion, they will be able to overcome their issues and return to normalcy. According to TFS theory, staying silent about a traumatic event will only reinforce shame. A lack of discussion and concealing secrets makes a family prone to dysfunction (Opipari). In Buried Child, the years of repressed silence and secrecy served to only make the exposure of the event more dramatic. The True to Family Systems Theory coincides with The Goat, as Stevie, Billy, and Martin all have an open discussion on Martin’s affair and Billy’s homosexuality. Even though Stevie takes measures into her own hands by viciously killing the goat, their discussion would allow the family to return to normalcy faster. The family in Buried Child is conscious of their taboo secret, and the need for it to be kept private between the family. In attempt to conceal their family’s secret, they heighten the normalities and attempt to present themselves as ordinary. However, doing so only further adds to the dysfunction of the family. Hailie, the maternal figure continuously preaches her religious beliefs throughout Shephard’s play: religious beliefs which result to be a conflict of interest as it is later uncovered that her relation to Father Dewis is more than just churchgoing, involving a romantic affair. Lynn Shields, author of â€Å"The Fall of the Great Modern American Family Myth in Sam Shephard’s ‘Buried Child’†¦Ã¢â‚¬  argues that the family’s downfall is caused by their failure to live up to the standards of an unrealistic family myth, which consists of stable, and mutually independent family members. Shield’s discusses the implications of the ir deceased son Ansel, who is described as smart, popular, athletic, and a â€Å"genuine hero† (1109). Ansel was the only reputable one in the family, and after he passes away, there is nothing propitious left. In attempt to conceal Martin’s affair in The Goat, Ross struggles with Martin, trying to convince him that his affair is not only immoral to Stevie, but is rape to an animal for which he could go to jail, lose his job, and the Pritzker Prize he had just been announced the winner of. Ross is the only character left that has not gone mad. Stevie and Billy’s normalcy recedes once Billy initiates an erotic and sexual kiss with his father, and Stevie violently murders the goat. Ross’s character initially is thought to have good intentions by attempting to maintain homeostasis within the family by telling Stevie of Martin’s actions. Ross attempts to put an end to his affair with a goat; however, Stevie’s breakdown and the corrupting of the family would not have occurred had he not have sent the letter to Stevie initially. Both Shelly and Stevie have breakdowns at the end of the play as a result of learning the dark and disturbing secrets and their inability to cope with it. Stevie, after undergoing an array of emotions leaves the house abruptly, finds the goat, and kills it. She brings back its dead body to their home to show Martin that his affair is over. Catalina Florina Florescu, author of Who is not Sylvia? A character analysis of Stevie from Edward Albees The Goat, or, Who Is Sylvia?† argues that Stevie killing the goat is an attempt to end their affair, because she is unable to cope with the situation. Stevie’s solution to the issue was to kill what was in the way of their quintessential marriage. Florescu describes Stevie’s actions as undergoing what she calls D.R.R Marital Syndrome. â€Å"D† stands for desire, which is Stevie’s desire for love and marriage explicated at the beginning of the play. â€Å"R† stands for rejection, which Stevie experiences when she discovers Martin’s affair with a goat, and asks, â€Å"how can you love me when you love so much less?† (1582). The second â€Å"R† stands for revenge, which Stevie seeks through her vengeful act of killing Sylvia. As Stevie’s argument with Martin progresses and her anger escalates, she begins smashing furniture and vases. Her yelling and swearing intensifies up until she leaves. Her extreme anger upon leaving signals that she is leaving for a purpose, which we later discover was to kill Sylvia. All the throwing and breaking of her household items were signals leading up to her murder and revenge. Upon meeting Vincent’s family and being verbally mocked and ridiculed by Dodge, Shelly remains tough-minded, and does not let Dodge’s comments go without retaliation. Vincent repeatedly tells Shelly not to aggravate him, but she holds a sense of dominance over Dodge by not letting herself become insulted, and reacting to his comments. However, it is Tilden and Bradley who cause Shelly’s vulnerability, inducing her to submit to the family’s absurdities. Leonard Mustazza, author of â€Å"Women’s ‘Roles’ in Sam Shephard’s Buried Child† explains that Shelly’s ‘smart talk’ and audacious reprisals stop after Bradley’s symbolic rape, and her conformity begins when she refers to Dodge as grandpa. Shelly’s breakdown starts when Hailie returns with Father Dewis and calls her a stranger, and exacerbates when Tilden exposes the family secret to her. Once the secret becomes exposed, Shelly then exposes Bradley for shoving his fingers in her mouth. She wreaks havoc by stealing Bradley’s prosthetic leg, leaving him immobile as a form of symbolic castration (Mustazza). By breaking down the barriers and exposing all of the sequestered secrets in front of the entire family, Shelly is simultaneously breaking down herself. The question of â€Å"what happens next?† poses an issue in both plays. What is there to do when your husband is having sexual intercourse and claims to be in love with a goat? Or when you find out that your boyfriend’s mother and brother had an incestuous child together that the father drowned and buried in the backyard. Both of these plays end abruptly after Shelly and Stevie’s breakdown, leaving the readers to ponder upon what happens next, or if the families return to normalcy. For Stevie, a divorce is a solution one would see as fit, however Huang argues against this, stating that divorce cannot be the solution because mixing together the murdering of the goat, and an affair produces an epistemological betrayal. The vile act of murdering the goat is a means of restoring their reality, and would allow for a reinstatement of normalcy, so divorce would not be necessary (Huang). In Buried Child, there is no closure for Shelly. Dodge dies at the end of act three, and Vincent comes back the next day after running out and explains that he plans on inheriting the house. Shelly, wanting nothing more than to leave the family leaves Vincent behind. One can assume that Hailie and father Dewis become romantically involved now that Dodge has passed, Tilden and Bradley will continue living their lives as previously, but we do not know what is next for Shelly and Vincent’s relationship. With Vincent almost losing his own mind also upon his return, and Shelly being unable to cope with the families horrific secret and abnormalities Shelly would leave Vince if he plans on inheriting their home, ending the relationship and returning to homeostasis. Shellys and Stevie’s mental breakdowns subsequent to discovering these horrific secrets leads to their own self-destruction. Both Shelly and Stevie reach their breaking points within the confines of the home as a result of their family and loved ones. Stevie’s killing was an act of desperation to get rid of what was hindering their relationship and resolve her marriage. Shelly yelling at Vincent’s family and stealing Bradley’s leg was a result of being unable to cope with the families dysfunctions and darkness. It is not the disturbing secrets that shatter their homes, but the reactions from Shelly and Stevie, which wreaks havoc among the family. Initially, we are introduced to the quintessential, all-American families and homes, but the discovery of a dark past and repressed secrets have shattered their family and all those in relation to the family. Both Buried Child and The Goat raise the issue of what happens to the perfect families once they are chall enged by the conventional ideals of love, family, and relationships. Works Cited Albee, Edward. â€Å"The Goat† The Norton Anthology of Drama. Edited by Peter Simon, Norton Company Inc, 2009, 1567-1604 Florescu, Catalina Florina. Who is not Sylvia? A character analysis of Stevie from Edward Albees The Goat, or, Who Is Sylvia? Academic OneFile, 2011, p. 135+. Huang, Joy Shihyi. Who is Sylvia or who are we?: Alternative subjectivity in Albees the goat or, who is Sylvia?: Notes toward a definition of tragedy. Tamkang Review, vol. 42, no. 1, 2011, p. 127+. Academic OneFile, Mustazza, Leonard. â€Å"Women’s ‘Roles’ in Sam Shephard’s Buried Child.† Literature in Performance, vol 5, no. 2, April 1985, p. 36. Opipari, Benjamin. Shhhhhhame: silencing the family secret in Sam Shepards Buried Child. Style, 2010, p. 123+ Shephard, Sam. â€Å"Buried Child† The Norton Anthology of Drama, Edited by Peter Simon, Norton Company Inc, 2009, 1102-1149 Shields, Lynn W. â€Å"The Fall of the Great Modern American Family Myth in Sam Shepards Buried Child, A Lie of the Mind, Fool for Love, and True West Edited by Ann Arbour, Texas Womans University, 1993, ProQuest Dissertations Theses Global

Gender Inequality And The Corporate World How Do You...

Gender Inequality in the Corporate World How do you feel about women holding higher positions within corporations? In today’s society, there are several inequalities between women and men. These inequalities between women and men have been around since the beginning of time and will always be a factor. Gender inequality can be seen in many different ways across our society today. One major area that this inequality can be seen is in the workforce. There are many women who have jobs in today’s society, but there are not a lot of chances for women to obtain higher positions. Women do not receive the same chances to hold high positions within corporations as men do. Women who are in the workforce are constantly having to choose between work and family. Women also feel the need for whole-self authenticity, which means that one is true to one’s own personality and character even against external pressures. In this scenario, people are themselves at work as the y are in their private life. Gender inequality in the workplace is a serious issue that affects women socially, economically, and physically. Gender inequality is the unequal treatment of individuals based on their gender. Ensuring gender inequalities in the workplace would include equal pay among men and women for the same type of job performed. Another type of equal treatment is the removal of any barriers so women can participate equally in the workforce. 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